Boiler



J. T. FENNELL.

BOILER,

. APPLICATION FILED JULY 21.1919. 1,378,847. y 24,1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1- J. I. FENNELL.

BOILER.-

I APPLICATION FILED lULY2i,19l9- I 1 78,847. Patented May 24,1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 1. T,. FENNELL.

BOILER. APPLICATION FILED JULY 21,1919- Patehted May 24, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

imam Jmwz'immll v UNITED STATES JAMES '1. FENNELL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PATENT OFFICE.

BOILER.

Application filed July 21,

To all whom z'tmay concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES T. FENNELL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boilers, of whichthe following is a specification.

It is well known that in sectional or multiple steam boilers that the water often backs out of one of the sections due to the fact that that section is over a hotter portion of the fire or is receiving more heat than other sections. This condition of affairs often results in the crackingof the sections of the boiler. H

One object of my invention is to prevent the cracking of steam boiler sections by providing a water passage between the sections at a level preferably just below the normal water level so that when the increased pressure in one section starts to force water out of said section, said section will be replenished by water from the other sections through the medium of saidwater passage. Thus my invention prevents the water from backing completely out of any one of the boiler sections and thereby prevents the overheating and cracking of boiler sections which otherwise mightoccur if the water backed entirely out.

These objects, and other advantageous ends which will be described hereinafter, I attain in the following manner, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a sectional boiler constructed in accordance with my invention,

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of another type of sectional boiler constructed in accordance with my invention,

Fig. 5 is a top plan view of Fig. 1,

Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 4:, and

Fig. 7 is a view of similar nature to Fig. 1 showing an inlet water supply pipe connected to the lower manifold instead of to the upper manifold illustrated in Figs. 4; to 6 inclusive.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, 8 rep- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 24, 1921.

1919. Serial No. 312,157.

resents a steam boiler which includes a plurallty of sections 9, 10, 1-1 and 12. These sections are of a wellknown type which lnclude an aperture 13 which together with the grates 14 provides a fire box 15. The sectlons are adapted to contain water and ad aceut their bottoms are connected by nippics 16 whereby the interiors of all the sections are in communication and water can flow from one section to the other through the passageways provided" by said nipples. The steam spaces of the sections connect with a common steam outlet header 9 through the medium of nipples 10. The elements thus far mentioned do not inthemselves constitute my invention since numerous types of boilers are'constructed in sections with lower communicating nipples as above described. My invention consists in providing other means of communication in addition to the couplingnipples 16 and at a higher levelthan said coupling nipples 16. This additional means of communication consists of other nipples 17 which connect the adjacent sections 9,10, 11 and 12 above the level of the nipples 16 sothat water is also free to pass from one section to the' other through the passageways provided by the nipples 17. The nipples 17 are preferably positioned slightly below the normal water level so that if the internal pressure of one of the sections starts to exceed the pressure of the other sections, due to reasons above noted, and to force the water into said other sections, the water which has been forced into said latter sections will be dis-' tributed proportionately therein and when the water in said first section has been lowered by said increased pressure so as to be in line with the uppermost portion of the nipples 17, a portion of the head water from each of the other sections will flow into said first mentioned section through its communicating nipple 17. Thus the water within said latter mentioned section will never be lowered below its connecting nipple 17.

Fig. 3 illustrates the section 12 with its water level lowered, due to increased pres- 16 and 17 are provided entirely within the body of the boiler and the water can be supplied to said boiler through the pipes 19.

In Figs. 4; to 6 inclusive, I have illustrated a steam boiler of the type including a manifold or header 20 which is located outside of the body of the boiler and has connecting nipples 21 connected thereto and with the bottom portions of the boiler sections 23 in the usual manner. In this type of boiler I apply my invention by providing additional mani folds or headers 2% to which are attached nip ples 25, said nipples communicating respectively with the interiors of the sections 23 at a higher level than the nipples 21 so that if a greater pressure develops in one section than in another section that water will pass from one section through the upper nipples into the upper header or manifold 24: and then into the section having said greater pressure through the nipples 25 which connect said latter section with the header 24. In this form of my invention I have shown water supply pipes 26 connecting the upper manifolds 24; the lower manifold 20 serving merely as a header communicating with the bottoms of theseetions. I

The form of my invention shown in Fig. 7 is identical with that described in con nection with Figs. 4 to 6 inclusive with the exception that instead of having the water supply pipes communicating with the upper header, I have shown a water supply pipe 27 communicating with the lower header 20 instead of the upper header.

By arranging the water inlet so that the return or feed water is made to enter the boiler through the upper manifold, such for example as the type illustrated in Figs. l to 6 inclusive, the circulation will be stimulated and tend to keep all the sections at the same temperature for the reason that cold water gravitates to the bottom of the boiler and therefore in passing through the hot water from the top downwardly, instead of from the bottom up, the cold water will not come in contact with the hottestpart of the boiler first, but on the contrary will contact with the coolest part.

lVhile I have described my invention as taking a particular form, it will be understood that the various parts of my invention may be changed without departing from the spirit thereof, and hence I do not limit myself to the precise. construction set forth, but consider that I am at liberty to make such changes and alterations as fairly come within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let ters Patent is i '1. A steam boiler of the character .described including a plurality of hollow water sections; and means providing passage-ways forming communication between the sections and arranged at different levels whereby if a pressure is established in any of the sections sufiicient to back the water therefrom through the lower passageway, the water backed out will be replaced by .water from an adjacent section flowing through the upper passageway; substantially as described.

2. A steam boiler of the character described including a plurality of hollow water sections and means providing passageways forming communication between the sections and arranged at different levels whereby if a pressure is established in any of the sections sufficient to back the water therefrom through the lower passageway,

the water backed out will be replaced by water from an adjacent section flowing through the upper passageway; and means for supplying water to said sections so as to sageways; substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' JAMES T. FENNELL.

WVitnesses:

ANNA BENTON, CHAS. E. Po'r'rs.

miter said sections through said upper pas- 

